For centuries, scientists dreamed of being able to peer into a human brain as it performs various activities for example, while a person is seeing, hearing, smelling, tasting, or touching something.
Now several imaging techniques such as PET (positron emission tomography) and the newer fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) make it possible to observe human brains at work.
http://www.hhmi.org/senses/e110.html